Professor Yanjia Cao received her PhD in Geography from University of Maryland, and MS in Geography from University at Buffalo-SUNY. As a health geographer, she had cross-disciplinary training in public health science during her postdoctoral scholarship, at Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, and also University of California San Diego, School of Public Health. Her current projects cover a variety of world-wide locations, concentrating on food environment and diabetes in San Diego, access to COVID-19 vaccine in England, and hospital facility functionality in Malawi. She serves board of directors (BOD) for the Health and Medical Geography specialty group at AAG since 2019. She was also the BOD member for the International Association of Chinese Professionals in Geographic Information Sciences during 2019-2020.
Selected Publications
2025
Cao, Y., Li, T., Chen, H., Zhao, Q., Sun, J., Grépin, K. A., & Kang, J.-Y. (2025). Evaluating geographic accessibility to COVID-19 vaccination across 54 countries/regions. BMJ Global Health, 10(2), e017761. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2024-017761
Cao, Y., Sun, J., Ahmed, S., Twea, P., Banda, J. C., Watkins, D. A., & Su, Y. (2025). Examining healthcare inequality for non-communicable diseases in Malawi: a hierarchical geospatial modelling approach. BMJ health & care informatics, 32(1), e101641. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjhci-2025-101641
Kolak, M., Cao, Y., & Desjardins, M. R. (2025). Innovations in mapping health & structural drivers of disease & well-being: a Journal of Maps collection. Journal of Maps, 21(1), 2553512. https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2025.2553512
Wang, X., Cao, Y., & DeJohn, A. (2025). Spatial Disparities in Access to Public and Private Long-Term Care Facilities in Hong Kong. The Professional Geographer, 77(5), 611-627. https://doi.org/10.1080/00330124.2025.2543540
Xie, R., Cao, Y., Yang, J.-A., Tribby, C. P., Voong, C., & Jankowska, M. M. (2025). Measuring Access to Culturally Appropriate Food and Associations with Diabetes among Asian Americans and Native Hawaiians or Pacific Islanders. Public health nutrition, 28(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980025101444
Yang, X., Li, T., Cao, Y., Zheng, X., & Tang, L. (2025). A novel framework integrating GeoAI and human perceptions to estimate walkability in Wuhan, China. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 25377. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09779-1
2024
Cao, Y., Yang, JA., Nara, A. et al. Designing and Evaluating a Hierarchical Framework for Matching Food Outlets across Multi-sourced Geospatial Datasets: a Case Study of San Diego County. J Urban Health 101, 155–169 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-023-00817-9
Ahmed S, Cao Y, Wang Z, et al. Service readiness for the management of non-communicable diseases in publicly financed facilities in Malawi: findings from the 2019 Harmonised Health Facility Assessment census survey. BMJ Open 2024;14:e072511. https://doi/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072511
2023
Yang, X., Zheng, X., Cao, Y., Chen, H., Tang, L., & Yang, H. (2023). Connectivity analysis in pedestrian networks: A case study in Wuhan, China. Applied Geography, 151, 102843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2022.102843
Kesia Esther Da, S., Kashmira, D., Nilma, H., Christopher, L., Niniya, J., Priyanka, B., Joshua, W., Rahul, S., Seth Ari Sim-Son, H., Matthew, M., Pankaj, B., Yanjia, C., Shanta, D., Stephen, P. L., & Jason, R. A. (2023). Population structure and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella; Typhi and Paratyphi A amid a phased municipal vaccination campaign in Navi Mumbai, India. medRxiv, 2023.2002.2023.23286256. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.02.23.23286256
Yang, X., Yang, M., Cao, Y., Ren, C., Zhang, F., & Tang, L. (2023). Three-dimensional structure determination of grade-separated road intersections from crowdsourced trajectories. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 125, 103598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2023.103598
Chen, H., Cao, Y., Feng, L., Zhao, Q., & Torres, J. R. V. (2023). Understanding the spatial heterogeneity of COVID-19 vaccination uptake in England. BMC public health, 23(1), 895. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15801-w
2022
Chen, H., Cao, Y., Feng, L., & Zhao, Q. (2022). Measuring and validating spatial accessibility to Covid-19 vaccination sites: a case study in England.
Chen, H., Cao, Y., Feng, L., & Zhao, Q. (2022). Modelling the COVID-19 vaccine uptake rates in a geographical and socioeconomic context: a case study of England.
Yang, X., Hou, L., Guo, M., Cao, Y., Yang, M., & Tang, L. (2022). Road intersection identification from crowdsourced big trace data using Mask‐RCNN. Transactions in GIS, 26(1), 278-296. https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.12851
Cao, Y., Jankowska, M. M., Yang, J.-A., & Shi, Y. (2022). Spatial and temporal pattern of cannabis use disorder in California 2010-2019. Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology, 42, 100520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sste.2022.100520
da Silva, K. E., Tanmoy, A. M., Pragasam, A. K., Iqbal, J., Sajib, M. S. I., Mutreja, A., Veeraraghavan, B., Tamrakar, D., Qamar, F. N., Dougan, G., Bogoch, I., Seidman, J. C., Shakya, J., Vaidya, K., Carey, M. E., Shrestha, R., Irfan, S., Baker, S., Luby, S. P., . . . Andrews, J. R. (2022). The international and intercontinental spread and expansion of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella Typhi: a genomic epidemiology study. The Lancet Microbe, 3(8), e567-e577. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-5247(22)00093-3
Chen, H., Cao, Y., Feng, L., Zhao, Q., & Torres, J. R. V. (2022). Understanding the spatial heterogeneity of Covid-19 vaccination uptake: a case study of England.
2021
Cao, Y., Karthikeyan, A., Krishna, S., Raju, R., Sindh, C., Srinivasan, M., Ramanujam, K., Mohan, V., Kang, G., John, J., Andrews, J., Lo, N. (2021) Geospatial pattern of typhoid fever in India: a model-based estimate of cohort and surveillance data. Journal of Infectious Diseases 224 (Sppl_5), S475-S483. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiab187
Yang, X., Cao, Y., Liu R., Guo, M., Tang, L. (2021) Accessibility assessment of buildings based on multi-source spatial data: taking Wuhan as a case study. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 10(10), 701. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10100701
2020
Tamrakar, D., Vaidya, K., Yu, A., Aiemjoy, K., Naga, S. R., Cao, Y., Bern, C., Shrestha, R., Karmacharya, B., Pradhan, S., Qamar, F., Saha, S., Date, K., Longley, A., Hemlock, C., Luby, S., Garrett, D., Bogoch, I., Andrews, J. (2020) Spatial heterogeneity of enteric fever in 2 diverse communities in Nepal. Clinical Infectious Diseases 71 (Sppl_3), S205-S213. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1319
Cao, Y., Stewart, K., Factor, J., Billing, A., Massey E., Artigiani, E., Wagner, M., Dezman, Z., Wish, E. (2020). Using socially-sensed data to infer ZIP level characteristics for the spatial temporal analysis of drug-related health problems in Maryland. Health & Place, 63, 102345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102345
2019
Cao, Y., Stewart, K., Wish, E., Artigiani, E., Sorg, M. (2019). Determining spatial access to opioid use disorder treatment and emergency medical services in New Hampshire. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 101, 55-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2019.03.013
2017
Stewart, K., Cao, Y., Hsu, M. H., Artigiani, E., & Wish, E. (2017). Geospatial Analysis of Drug Poisoning Deaths Involving Heroin in the USA, 2000-2014. Journal of Urban Health, 94, 4, 572-586. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-017-0177-7
2016
Cao, Y., Stewart, K., & Kalil, R. (2016). Geographic patterns of end-stage renal disease and kidney transplants in the Midwestern United States. Applied Geography, 71, 133–143. doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2016.05.001
BOD Services
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2019 – 2022 Board of Directors, Health and Medical Geography Specialty Group, American Association of Geographers
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2019 – 2020 Board of Directors, International Association of Chinese Professionals in Geographic Information Sciences



